Sealife guideExplore the diversity and secrets of bony fish in our oceansMarine vertebrates

Last updated on 08/13/2025 at 11:50 PM
Classification
The class of Osteichthyans includes all fish that have a bony skeleton, as opposed to fish with a cartilaginous skeleton, such as sharks and rays.
The class of Osteichthyans is divided into several subclasses. The most prominent is the Actinopterygians, which includes ray-finned fish. The other subclasses include fossil species as well as a few living species, such as the coelacanth, which lives at great depths.
Description
Anatomy of bony fish
Anatomy of bony fish
To move through water and navigate in all directions, fish have a variety of fins, some of which appear in pairs on either side of the body. Each position has a specific fin name:
  • The caudal fin, more commonly called the tail, is symmetrical in shape and provides most of the propulsion for the fish to move at high speed.
  • The pectoral fins appear in pairs on either side of the fish's body. They are primarily used for maneuvering.
  • The pelvic fins, also called ventral fins, appear in pairs on the underside of the fish's body.
  • The dorsal fins, which can number one or two depending on the species, are located along the dorsal side of the fish. They help stabilize the fish in the water.
  • The anal fin is located on the ventral side of the fish's body just behind the anus. Opposite to the dorsal fins, it serves a similar stabilizing function.
Fish have a respiratory system made up of gills through which water flows. Water enters through the mouth and exits behind the head on either side of the body through a single gill slit, called a gill opening.
Diet
Fish are mainly carnivorous, but some species are herbivorous or even sponge-eating.
Observation tips
Fish perceive their environment visually through their eyes. But be aware, they can also detect waves traveling through the water using their lateral line, which runs along the length of their body. This means your presence might be detected before you even enter their field of view! To approach fish, position yourself as far downstream as possible.
Did you know ?
The sailfish is the fastest fish in the world, reaching speeds of about 68 mph, closely followed by the swordfish.
Discover bony fish
Black margate (Anisotremus surinamensis)
Black margate
(Anisotremus surinamensis)
Blue-barred parrotfish (Scarus ghobban)
Blue-barred parrotfish
(Scarus ghobban)
Blue parrotfish (Scarus coeruleus)
Blue parrotfish
(Scarus coeruleus)
Diana's hogfish (Bodianus diana)
Diana's hogfish
(Bodianus diana)
Obtuse barracuda (Sphyraena obtusata)
Obtuse barracuda
(Sphyraena obtusata)
Orange spotted filefish (Oxymonacanthus longirostris)
Orange spotted filefish
(Oxymonacanthus longirostris)
Undulated moray (Gymnothorax undulatus)
Undulated moray
(Gymnothorax undulatus)
Yellow-edged lyretail (Variola louti)
Yellow-edged lyretail
(Variola louti)

Our latestUpdates

The bump-head sunfish
Friday, September 5th 2025
The bump-head sunfish
Learn about the bump-head sunfish (Mola alexandrini), the world's heaviest bony fish, its habitat in tropical and temperate oceans, diet of jellyfish, deep-water behavior and record size over 6,000 lbs.
The chocolate chip sea cucumber
Wednesday, September 3rd 2025
The chocolate chip sea cucumber
The chocolate chip sea cucumber has a massive cylindrical body that is beige in color, covered with a set of dark brown pustules resembling chocolate chips that protrude slightly from the surface, giving it a resemblance to a cookie, hence its french name. It can reach a length of about 12 inches when fully grown.
The red hind grouper
Monday, September 1st 2025
The red hind grouper
The red hind grouper has a distinctive appearance, usually beige to brown in color, with numerous red or brown spots covering its entire body and the base of its fins. It is often found in the shallow waters of coral reefs and rocky areas, where it hides in crevices and cavities.
Photo of the Day
Mérou croissant de lune (Variola louti)
Mérou croissant de lune
(Variola louti)