Sealife guideThe sperm whalePhyseter macrocephalus

Last updated on 08/14/2024 at 07:24 PM

In the collective imagination, the sperm whale is associated with the novel Moby Dick written by Herman Melville and inspired by the great epics of sailors who sailed to the farthest reaches of the ocean, towards the Southern Ocean, to hunt whales.

Taxonomy
  • Common name: Sperm whale
  • French name: Grand cachalot, cachalot
  • Spanish name: Cachalote
  • Scientific name: Physeter macrocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Family name: Physeteridae
  • Order name: Cetacea
  • Class name: Sea mammals [Mammalia]
Description
The sperm whale is a species of toothed cetacean, as evidenced by its imposing jaw.
The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)
The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) © | Dreamstime.com
The sperm whale is a mammal of superlatives, reaching lengths of up to 20 meters and weighing between 50 and 60 tons. The sperm whale has the largest brain in the world, with its head weighing approximately a third of its total weight.
Geographic range
The sperm whale frequents the deep waters of the high seas and travels to virtually every ocean and sea around the globe to feed and reproduce. Males venture into the cold waters of the Antarctic and Arctic oceans, particularly the waters around the Crozet Archipelago, to feed, while females prefer to stay in warmer waters with their offspring. Males and females usually meet in the Azores.
In France, sperm whales are found in the Atlantic Ocean, in the Bay of Biscay, and in the Mediterranean Sea, mainly off the Côte d'Azur and Corsica.
Habitat
The sperm whale lives in groups called pods, but each one lives separately, with males on one side and females with their young on the other. They communicate with each other by emitting powerful clicking sounds that can be heard from several kilometers away.
Diet
The sperm whale is a formidable predator, and certainly the largest toothed predator. This mammal feeds mainly on large or giant squid, octopus and cuttlefish, but also on fish of all kinds, depending on what it encounters.
The sperm whale's only predator is the killer whale, which can attack the youngest sperm whales.
Reproduction
Female sperm whales give birth every three to six years, and look after their offspring for more than a decade. The females live with their offspring separately from the males, and help each other to protect and nurse the young sperm whales.
Did you know ?
The sperm whale is an excellent apneist, capable of diving rapidly to a depth of 3,000 meters and staying there for up to 1 hour and 30 minutes.
The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)
The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) © | Dreamstime.com
The sperm whale sleep is a real spectacle, where you can admire a whole group of sperm whales installed in an upright position with their heads facing downwards or upwards to sleep.
Sperm whale populations have fallen victim to commercial whaling, with the spermaceti contained in its head used as a lubricant and the ambergris extracted from its intestines used in perfumery. It is now on the IUCN endangered species list with the status of « Vulnerable ».
Bibliography
Herman Melville's masterpiece Moby Dick
Discover also
Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea)
Australian sea lion
(Neophoca cinerea)
Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)
Beluga
(Delphinapterus leucas)
Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
Florida manatee
(Trichechus manatus latirostris)
Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus)
Gray whale
(Eschrichtius robustus)
Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Humpback whale
(Megaptera novaeangliae)
Pacific white-sided dolphin (Sagmatias obliquidens)
Pacific white-sided dolphin
(Sagmatias obliquidens)
Short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus)
Short-finned pilot whale
(Globicephala macrorhynchus)
White headed dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori)
White headed dolphin
(Cephalorhynchus hectori)

Our latestUpdates

Faroe islands
Thursday, May 7th 2026
Faroe islands
Discover the Faroe islands, a remote archipelago between Iceland and Norway known for its dramatic cliffs, colorful villages, and untouched Nordic landscapes. Find travel tips, itineraries, hiking guides, local culture, and inspiration to explore this unique destination in the North Atlantic.
The short-finned pilot whale
Wednesday, May 6th 2026
The short-finned pilot whale
Discover the tropical pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus), a highly social large cetacean from tropical and subtropical waters, specialized in deep dives in search of squid.
Where to see groupers in the Mediterranean ?
Thursday, April 23rd 2026
Where to see groupers in the Mediterranean ?
Discover where to see groupers in the Mediterranean: the best diving spots and protected marine areas to observe this iconic fish in its natural habitat.
Photo of the Day
Baleine franche australe (Eubalaena australis)
Baleine franche australe
(Eubalaena australis)