Sealife guideThe dusky grouperEpinephelus marginatus

Last updated on 04/22/2026 at 11:47 PM
There are several species of groupers found around the world, including the dusky grouper, the big star of the French Mediterranean coast and more generally of the Mediterranean.
Taxonomy
English names Dusky grouper
French namesMérou brun
Spanish namesMero nebuloso
Scientific nameEpinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
Description
The dusky grouper measures around 3 feet and can reach up to 5 feet in length.
The dusky grouper has a brownish coloration either solid or mottled with yellow spots depending on the individual
The dusky grouper has a brownish coloration either solid or mottled with yellow spots depending on the individual
Oval in shape, the grouper has a long dorsal fin and is characterized by a mouth surrounded by thick lips.
The dusky grouper has a brownish coloration either solid or mottled with yellow spots depending on the individual.
Geographic range
The dusky grouper is found in the Mediterranean sea as well as in the Atlantic ocean, from South Africa to Portugal. The dusky grouper is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, but its presence is now very uneven depending on the region.
It is especially well represented in the western Mediterranean, particularly in marine protected areas such as Port-Cros National Park, Scandola Nature Reserve, and the Medes islands, where populations have recovered thanks to protection measures.
In the eastern Mediterranean, the grouper is also present (Greece, Turkey), but populations are generally more scattered and less abundant due to higher fishing pressure and less consistent protection. It can still be observed on deep and well-preserved rocky habitats, especially in less exploited areas.
Habitat
The dusky grouper is a sedentary fish that lives close to the seabed, sheltering in rocky crevices or under rocky overhangs.
Its territory typically includes several shelters with one of them being regularly frequented.
The dusky grouper can be found at depths ranging from 16 to 33 feet down to approximately 656 feet.
Diet
The dusky grouper primarily feeds on fish, crustaceans and octopuses.
Reproduction
The dusky grouper has the unique ability to change sex once in its lifetime. It starts as a female at a young age and becomes a male around 10 to 15 years old.
Did you know ?
The dusky grouper can live up to 50 years.
Despite its bulky appearance, it is capable of rapid acceleration to catch its prey.
Fishing with hooks and spearfishing for the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) are banned along the entire mainland Mediterranean coast. This moratorium on grouper fishing was extended by a prefectural decree on 12/17/2007 until 2013.
Tips for observing
The dusky grouper is not very shy and can be easily approached as long as no sudden movements are made.
Encounter with a dusky grouper
Encounter with a dusky grouper
The video gallery

A dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) waits under the shelter of a rocky overhang

Within the same genus
Blacktip grouper (Epinephelus fasciatus)
Blacktip grouper
(Epinephelus fasciatus)
Camouflage grouper (Epinephelus polyphekadion)
Camouflage grouper
(Epinephelus polyphekadion)
Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus)
Giant grouper
(Epinephelus lanceolatus)
Honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra)
Honeycomb grouper
(Epinephelus merra)
Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)
Malabar grouper
(Epinephelus malabaricus)
Red grouper (Epinephelus morio)
Red grouper
(Epinephelus morio)
Red hind grouper (Epinephelus guttatus)
Red hind grouper
(Epinephelus guttatus)
Speckledfin grouper (Epinephelus ongus)
Speckledfin grouper
(Epinephelus ongus)
Within the same family
Atlantic creolefish (Paranthias furcifer)
Atlantic creolefish
(Paranthias furcifer)
Bluespotted grouper (Cephalopholis cyanostigma)
Bluespotted grouper
(Cephalopholis cyanostigma)
Coral hind (Cephalopholis miniata)
Coral hind
(Cephalopholis miniata)
Darkfin hind (Cephalopholis urodeta)
Darkfin hind
(Cephalopholis urodeta)
Gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis)
Gag grouper
(Mycteroperca microlepis)
Highfin coral grouper (Plectropomus oligacanthus)
Highfin coral grouper
(Plectropomus oligacanthus)
Redmouth grouper (Aethaloperca rogaa)
Redmouth grouper
(Aethaloperca rogaa)
Tomato grouper (Cephalopholis sonnerati)
Tomato grouper
(Cephalopholis sonnerati)
Discover also
Blue-axil chromis (Chromis caudalis)
Blue-axil chromis
(Chromis caudalis)
Brown chromis (Chromis multilineata)
Brown chromis
(Chromis multilineata)
Exquisite fairy wrasse (Cirrhilabrus exquisitus)
Exquisite fairy wrasse
(Cirrhilabrus exquisitus)
Lemon damselfish (Pomacentrus moluccensis)
Lemon damselfish
(Pomacentrus moluccensis)
Ocean tang (Acanthurus bahianus)
Ocean tang
(Acanthurus bahianus)
Orangeband surgeonfish (Acanthurus olivaceus)
Orangeband surgeonfish
(Acanthurus olivaceus)
Redtail butterflyfish (Chaetodon collare)
Redtail butterflyfish
(Chaetodon collare)
Yellowfin surgeonfish (Acanthurus xanthopterus)
Yellowfin surgeonfish
(Acanthurus xanthopterus)
The marine species in the Mediterranean Sea
Compass jellyfish (Chrysaora hysoscella)
Compass jellyfish
(Chrysaora hysoscella)
European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas)
European spiny lobster
(Palinurus elephas)
Hatpin sea urchin (Centrostephanus longispinus)
Hatpin sea urchin
(Centrostephanus longispinus)
Mediterranean slipper lobster (Scyllarides latus)
Mediterranean slipper lobster
(Scyllarides latus)
Purple gorgonian (Paramuricea clavata)
Purple gorgonian
(Paramuricea clavata)
Thornback ray (Raja clavata)
Thornback ray
(Raja clavata)
Umbrella weed (Acetabularia acetabulum)
Umbrella weed
(Acetabularia acetabulum)
Warty crab (Eriphia verrucosa)
Warty crab
(Eriphia verrucosa)

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