Sealife guideThe dusky grouperEpinephelus marginatus

Last updated on 04/22/2026 at 11:47 PM
There are several species of groupers found around the world, including the dusky grouper, the big star of the French Mediterranean coast and more generally of the Mediterranean.
Taxonomy
English names Dusky grouper
French namesMérou brun
Spanish namesMero nebuloso
Scientific nameEpinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
Description
The dusky grouper measures around 3 feet and can reach up to 5 feet in length.
The dusky grouper has a brownish coloration either solid or mottled with yellow spots depending on the individual
The dusky grouper has a brownish coloration either solid or mottled with yellow spots depending on the individual
Oval in shape, the grouper has a long dorsal fin and is characterized by a mouth surrounded by thick lips.
The dusky grouper has a brownish coloration either solid or mottled with yellow spots depending on the individual.
Geographic range
The dusky grouper is found in the Mediterranean sea as well as in the Atlantic ocean, from South Africa to Portugal. The dusky grouper is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, but its presence is now very uneven depending on the region.
It is especially well represented in the western Mediterranean, particularly in marine protected areas such as Port-Cros National Park, Scandola Nature Reserve, and the Medes islands, where populations have recovered thanks to protection measures.
In the eastern Mediterranean, the grouper is also present (Greece, Turkey), but populations are generally more scattered and less abundant due to higher fishing pressure and less consistent protection. It can still be observed on deep and well-preserved rocky habitats, especially in less exploited areas.
Habitat
The dusky grouper is a sedentary fish that lives close to the seabed, sheltering in rocky crevices or under rocky overhangs.
Its territory typically includes several shelters with one of them being regularly frequented.
The dusky grouper can be found at depths ranging from 16 to 33 feet down to approximately 656 feet.
Diet
The dusky grouper primarily feeds on fish, crustaceans and octopuses.
Reproduction
The dusky grouper has the unique ability to change sex once in its lifetime. It starts as a female at a young age and becomes a male around 10 to 15 years old.
Did you know ?
The dusky grouper can live up to 50 years.
Despite its bulky appearance, it is capable of rapid acceleration to catch its prey.
Fishing with hooks and spearfishing for the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) are banned along the entire mainland Mediterranean coast. This moratorium on grouper fishing was extended by a prefectural decree on 12/17/2007 until 2013.
Tips for observing
The dusky grouper is not very shy and can be easily approached as long as no sudden movements are made.
Encounter with a dusky grouper
Encounter with a dusky grouper
The video gallery

A dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) waits under the shelter of a rocky overhang

Within the same genus
Atlantic Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara)
Atlantic Goliath Grouper
(Epinephelus itajara)
Brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)
Brown-marbled grouper
(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)
Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus)
Giant grouper
(Epinephelus lanceolatus)
Greasy grouper (Epinephelus tauvina)
Greasy grouper
(Epinephelus tauvina)
Honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra)
Honeycomb grouper
(Epinephelus merra)
Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)
Malabar grouper
(Epinephelus malabaricus)
Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus)
Nassau grouper
(Epinephelus striatus)
Starry grouper (Epinephelus labriformis)
Starry grouper
(Epinephelus labriformis)
Within the same family
Atlantic creolefish (Paranthias furcifer)
Atlantic creolefish
(Paranthias furcifer)
Coney (Cephalopholis fulva)
Coney
(Cephalopholis fulva)
Coral hind (Cephalopholis miniata)
Coral hind
(Cephalopholis miniata)
Gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis)
Gag grouper
(Mycteroperca microlepis)
Graysby (Cephalopholis cruentata)
Graysby
(Cephalopholis cruentata)
Peacock grouper (Cephalopholis argus)
Peacock grouper
(Cephalopholis argus)
Roving coral grouper (Plectropomus pessuliferus)
Roving coral grouper
(Plectropomus pessuliferus)
Tomato grouper (Cephalopholis sonnerati)
Tomato grouper
(Cephalopholis sonnerati)
Discover also
Gorgeous prawn-goby (Amblyeleotris wheeleri)
Gorgeous prawn-goby
(Amblyeleotris wheeleri)
Greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili)
Greater amberjack
(Seriola dumerili)
Honeycomb filefish (Cantherhines pardalis)
Honeycomb filefish
(Cantherhines pardalis)
Queen angelfish (Holacanthus ciliaris)
Queen angelfish
(Holacanthus ciliaris)
Spotted boxfish (Ostracion meleagris)
Spotted boxfish
(Ostracion meleagris)
Star gazer (Uranoscopus scaber)
Star gazer
(Uranoscopus scaber)
Vermiculate rabbitfish (Siganus vermiculatus)
Vermiculate rabbitfish
(Siganus vermiculatus)
Yellowtail wrasse (Anampses meleagrides)
Yellowtail wrasse
(Anampses meleagrides)
The marine species in the Mediterranean Sea
Blonde skate (Raja brachyura)
Blonde skate
(Raja brachyura)
Common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Common bottlenose dolphin
(Tursiops truncatus)
Common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)
Common cuttlefish
(Sepia officinalis)
Five-spotted wrasse (Symphodus roissali)
Five-spotted wrasse
(Symphodus roissali)
Painted comber (Serranus scriba)
Painted comber
(Serranus scriba)
Pink flatworm (Prostheceraeus roseus)
Pink flatworm
(Prostheceraeus roseus)
Purple gorgonian (Paramuricea clavata)
Purple gorgonian
(Paramuricea clavata)
Stony sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus)
Stony sea urchin
(Paracentrotus lividus)

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