Sealife guideThe dusky grouperEpinephelus marginatus

Last updated on 04/22/2026 at 11:47 PM
There are several species of groupers found around the world, including the dusky grouper, the big star of the French Mediterranean coast and more generally of the Mediterranean.
Taxonomy
  • Common name: Dusky grouper
  • French name: Mérou brun
  • Spanish name: Mero nebuloso
  • Scientific name: Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
  • Family name: Epinephelidae
  • Order name: Perciformes
  • Class name: Actinopterygii
Description
The dusky grouper measures around 3 feet and can reach up to 5 feet in length.
The dusky grouper has a brownish coloration either solid or mottled with yellow spots depending on the individual
The dusky grouper has a brownish coloration either solid or mottled with yellow spots depending on the individual
Oval in shape, the grouper has a long dorsal fin and is characterized by a mouth surrounded by thick lips.
The dusky grouper has a brownish coloration either solid or mottled with yellow spots depending on the individual.
Geographic range
The dusky grouper is found in the Mediterranean sea as well as in the Atlantic ocean, from South Africa to Portugal. The dusky grouper is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, but its presence is now very uneven depending on the region.
It is especially well represented in the western Mediterranean, particularly in marine protected areas such as Port-Cros National Park, Scandola Nature Reserve, and the Medes islands, where populations have recovered thanks to protection measures.
In the eastern Mediterranean, the grouper is also present (Greece, Turkey), but populations are generally more scattered and less abundant due to higher fishing pressure and less consistent protection. It can still be observed on deep and well-preserved rocky habitats, especially in less exploited areas.
Habitat
The dusky grouper is a sedentary fish that lives close to the seabed, sheltering in rocky crevices or under rocky overhangs.
Its territory typically includes several shelters with one of them being regularly frequented.
The dusky grouper can be found at depths ranging from 16 to 33 feet down to approximately 656 feet.
Diet
The dusky grouper primarily feeds on fish, crustaceans and octopuses.
Reproduction
The dusky grouper has the unique ability to change sex once in its lifetime. It starts as a female at a young age and becomes a male around 10 to 15 years old.
Did you know ?
The dusky grouper can live up to 50 years.
Despite its bulky appearance, it is capable of rapid acceleration to catch its prey.
Fishing with hooks and spearfishing for the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) are banned along the entire mainland Mediterranean coast. This moratorium on grouper fishing was extended by a prefectural decree on 12/17/2007 until 2013.
Tips for observing
The dusky grouper is not very shy and can be easily approached as long as no sudden movements are made.
Encounter with a dusky grouper
Encounter with a dusky grouper
The video gallery

A dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) waits under the shelter of a rocky overhang

Within the same genus
Atlantic Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara)
Atlantic Goliath Grouper
(Epinephelus itajara)
Blacktip grouper (Epinephelus fasciatus)
Blacktip grouper
(Epinephelus fasciatus)
Honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra)
Honeycomb grouper
(Epinephelus merra)
Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)
Malabar grouper
(Epinephelus malabaricus)
Potato grouper (Epinephelus tukula)
Potato grouper
(Epinephelus tukula)
Red hind grouper (Epinephelus guttatus)
Red hind grouper
(Epinephelus guttatus)
Speckledfin grouper (Epinephelus ongus)
Speckledfin grouper
(Epinephelus ongus)
Starry grouper (Epinephelus labriformis)
Starry grouper
(Epinephelus labriformis)
Within the same family
Bluespotted grouper (Cephalopholis cyanostigma)
Bluespotted grouper
(Cephalopholis cyanostigma)
Darkfin hind (Cephalopholis urodeta)
Darkfin hind
(Cephalopholis urodeta)
Highfin coral grouper (Plectropomus oligacanthus)
Highfin coral grouper
(Plectropomus oligacanthus)
Pacific creolefish (Cephalopholis colonus)
Pacific creolefish
(Cephalopholis colonus)
Peacock grouper (Cephalopholis argus)
Peacock grouper
(Cephalopholis argus)
Redmouth grouper (Aethaloperca rogaa)
Redmouth grouper
(Aethaloperca rogaa)
Roving coral grouper (Plectropomus pessuliferus)
Roving coral grouper
(Plectropomus pessuliferus)
Tomato grouper (Cephalopholis sonnerati)
Tomato grouper
(Cephalopholis sonnerati)
Discover also
Eastern clown anemonefish (Amphiprion percula)
Eastern clown anemonefish
(Amphiprion percula)
Garibaldi damselfish (Hypsypops rubicundus)
Garibaldi damselfish
(Hypsypops rubicundus)
Hector's goby (Koumansetta hectori)
Hector's goby
(Koumansetta hectori)
Maiden goby (Valenciennea puellaris)
Maiden goby
(Valenciennea puellaris)
Shortfin lionfish (Dendrochirus brachypterus)
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Starry pufferfish (Arothron stellatus)
Starry pufferfish
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Striated frogfish (Antennarius striatus)
Striated frogfish
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Striped remora (Echeneis naucrates)
Striped remora
(Echeneis naucrates)
The marine species in the Mediterranean Sea
Black scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus)
Black scorpionfish
(Scorpaena porcus)
Blue spiny starfish (Coscinasterias tenuispina)
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(Coscinasterias tenuispina)
John dory (Zeus faber)
John dory
(Zeus faber)
Mediterranean slipper lobster (Scyllarides latus)
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Red sea-squirt (Halocynthia papillosa)
Red sea-squirt
(Halocynthia papillosa)
Tompot blenny (Parablennius gattorugine)
Tompot blenny
(Parablennius gattorugine)
Violet sea urchin (Sphaerechinus granularis)
Violet sea urchin
(Sphaerechinus granularis)
Zebra seabream (Diplodus cervinus)
Zebra seabream
(Diplodus cervinus)

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